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Reports of UFO sightings come from all corners of the globe.

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I was taken onboard a 200-foot diamond spacecraft in the

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Mojave Desert and given...

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I saw two great big, red, white lights hanging up in the air.

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Most believe these alien encounters are a modern phenomenon.

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But the fact is, they have been reported for thousands of years.

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Practically every human civilization have been in touch with

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extraterrestrial beings.

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In India, Israel, the Mayans, and the Aztecs.

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The idea that there was one or more non-human groups inspiring us

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is the truth.

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Millions of people around the world believe we have been visited

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in the past by extraterrestrial beings.

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But what if it were true?

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Did ancient aliens really help to shape our history?

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And if so, where did they come from?

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And just who were the visitors?

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The New Mexico

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Roswell, New Mexico.

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This sleepy town in America's southwest was once best known

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for its large military airbase.

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But that changed in 1947, when a local rancher reported that a

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spaceship crashed on his property.

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Several weeks later, the U.S. Army issued a press release

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confirming the existence of an alien craft.

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The next day, the military changed its story and announced

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that what they had found was a weather balloon.

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These conflicting reports sent shock waves around the world.

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And the name Roswell became a pop culture codeword that forever

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links extraterrestrial visitation with enduring mystery.

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Speculation about why the Roswell crash would be covered up

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is difficult to pin down.

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Some people talk about this in terms of information that would

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be shattering to our world view.

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Almost everyone's heard about the so-called Roswell event.

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And one of the real implications of disclosure is that some of

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our most cherished myths about the origins of the human race

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and our history and archeology would fall apart.

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Something happened at Roswell, New Mexico a long time ago.

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People want the truth.

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I think there's something in the human being itself that is

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striving, that is hungry for this knowledge in order to answer

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questions about our own existence.

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Today, public opinion polls indicate more than half the world's population

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believes aliens have either come here in the past or aren't coming here now.

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But what is it exactly that makes so many people believe?

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I do think looking upward makes sense.

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The universe is large.

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There are things out there we do not understand.

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There is probably intelligent life somewhere.

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People tend to forget that we're on a planet that's four and a half billion years old.

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The presence of our civilization in that vast scale of time,

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I mean if I click my finger, it wouldn't even be fast enough to say

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this is the time of our civilization.

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And to think that we're the only ones in this vast period of time to me is absurd.

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Our galaxy, the Milky Way, has over 100 billion stars.

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And in our universe, we think there are more than 100 billion galaxies.

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So if every star had a planet with intelligent life,

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how many alien civilizations would we have?

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If you take us as the crown of creation or the top of evolution,

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we look at ourselves as the greatest, the biggest.

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We say how incredible, unique we are in the whole universe.

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We forgot to learn modesty.

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Each step that we take makes us a little bit less special.

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We used to think that we were the center of the universe as humans,

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and then we realized, oh, alright, well that's not true.

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But we're the center of the galaxy, and like, well, alright,

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so we're like two thirds of the way out in a spiral arm.

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And then, well, at least our sun, you know, the sun is actually in the middle

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and the earth goes around it, so earth isn't even the center of that system.

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And so the more that we learn, we sort of, you know, it's a very humbling science.

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When man first landed on the moon, our perspective on the universe changed forever.

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We aliens who happened to go down the ladder on July 20, 1969,

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we aliens were certainly part of a magnificent race.

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I just don't think people have a grasp for what energy it takes

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to go from one star to another over the next.

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This historic event raised the question,

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if humans can successfully navigate in space and explore other worlds,

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why couldn't beings from other parts of the universe have done the same?

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And might they have already come to earth,

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hundreds or perhaps thousands of years ago?

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I think human past is more fantastic than we all believe.

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I have come to the idea that maybe extraterrestrials were on this planet.

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Kowachi Peru.

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Two thousand years ago, this ancient settlement served as the religious

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and cultural capital of the Nazca people.

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But sometime around 500 AD, the Nazca mysteriously disappeared,

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leaving Kowachi to fall into disarray.

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1400 years later, in 1910, anthropologist Alash Herliczka

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came to Kowachi to study the ancient Nazca civilization.

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During a dig, he unearthed some of the most surprising and shocking artifacts he had ever seen.

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They were skulls, with enormous, elongated craniums.

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Where did they come from? How did they get there? And were they human?

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In Peru, we find these weird, elongated skulls.

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And they're bizarre looking. I mean, and these people look like aliens.

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One may say, okay, aliens, but another aspect that we have to consider

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is that skull and cranial deformation, forming elongated heads,

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is a practice that's known throughout much of the ancient world.

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In 1870, the process of skull deformation was well chronicled by a German botanist and explorer named George Schveinwurth.

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While exploring the African Congo, he came in contact with a tribe called the Monkbitu.

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They routinely performed a ritual of cranial binding that allowed them to physically alter the shape of human skulls.

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They took infants' skulls and compressed them and bound them,

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and they forced the cranium out and elongated, and in many cases, they doubled the size.

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And a big question is, why was this being done?

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It may have been a way to distinguish the elite perhaps from the everyday people.

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It may have been a social stratification type of issue.

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Something that also appeals to me is that it may have been a way to express physically

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and maybe try to achieve physically greater levels of consciousness or higher levels of mental ability.

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In my opinion, they did this in order to mimic the gods.

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And those gods were physical beings because if they were just a figment of our ancestors' imagination,

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I don't think that's a compelling enough reason to expose your children to such a ritual to achieve that type of look.

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And in my opinion, these people were misinterpreted flesh and blood space travelers.

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Some people have suggested aliens had elongated skulls, and apparently ancient peoples are mimicking those skulls.

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The old saying is that imitation is a sincerest form of flattery.

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Although there have been many images that attempt to depict what aliens might actually look like,

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one in particular has come to dominate the public perception.

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It too features an elongated cranium and is associated with an extraterrestrial race that many refer to as the grays.

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In terms of entities, one very common description are the so-called grays.

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Three and a half, four feet tall, essentially humanoid but very spindly with disproportionately large heads and huge black almond-shaped eyes.

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But would someone in a primitive society really want to replicate this look and deform their skull?

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Some archaeologists have a different perspective.

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They point to artistic self-expression as an explanation of these customs.

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There are all kinds of people that either worship the body or use the body as art,

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be it a tattoo or a piercing of some sort, or tribes that put things in their ears or in their lips to try to grow parts of their body.

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Some societies we know practice binding parts of the body, feet or heads, and try to make certain shapes.

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And this was done for whatever reason we know today that this isn't usually the most healthy thing to do, but it doesn't mean people don't do it.

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People are always trying to change their body to make it look a certain way.

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Whatever the explanation may be for these rituals, they are not just found in Peru and the African Congo.

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Skull deformation is a global phenomenon.

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What's really strange is that this is found all over the world.

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And this is something that archaeologists cannot easily explain,

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because for people on remote islands, for people in South America or Malta or in Africa,

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to suddenly independently do this cranial deformation like this seems incredible.

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I mean, this is something that had to be learned, something that was taught to them.

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We seem to have basic similarities as if there was one civilization or at least one type of culture

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that was influencing people around the world.

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I find it more and more difficult to believe what I was taught as an undergraduate

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that all these different cultures just coincidentally came up with the same concepts independently of each other.

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Is it possible that individual societies around the world were influenced by similar events?

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And were they imitating real beings who visited from other planets?

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Some of the most compelling images of an elongated cranium can be traced to ancient Egypt

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and the depictions of one of its most controversial pharaohs.

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Could it be that he too was mimicking the look of extraterrestrials?

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Or is there an even more outrageous explanation?

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Could he have been one of them?

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Egypt

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Egypt, long before the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids or even settled along the Nile River.

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They spoke of an era called Tepzepi or the beginning of time.

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According to legends, Tepzepi was when sky gods descended from the stars to Earth on flying boats

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and then turned mud and water into a new kingdom.

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The word God according to the ancient Egyptians is Netero.

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It means a being that came from the cosmos.

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They're very adamant about the fact that their gods had descended from the stars.

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They tell us that the god Osiris who ruled with his consort and sister the goddess Isis,

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they were star gods and in fact they identified very clearly.

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Osiris was identified with the constellation Orion.

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Isis was identified with the star Sirius, the brightest star in the sky.

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There's an interesting point about this is that within the constellation Orion is the so-called nursery of stars.

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The stars in our galaxy literally were born in that zone.

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And it's very peculiar that the ancient Egyptians insist that the birth of star gods are in this constellation.

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They truly believed, they were very adamant about this, that their origins is in the sky.

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Something that we see around the world with ancient civilizations is that they had incredible knowledge of the stars, of the planets, of the heavenly motions.

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The average person in the ancient world had way more knowledge of what's going on in the skies than a lot of well educated people today.

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As ancient Egypt grew into a great civilization, its citizens believed their pharaohs were sons Osiris and thus living gods.

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Artwork and wall carvings depicted them as perfect humans.

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And while the people worshiped many different gods, the pharaoh stood above them all.

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This basic Egyptian religious belief remained in force for nearly a thousand years until one pharaoh changed everything.

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Who was this heretic?

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His name was Akhenaten, and in every surviving depiction he has shown within a long gated skull.

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Who was he?

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According to Egyptian mythology, he too was descended from the gods who arrived on earth at the time of Temsepi.

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But why do so many still believe he actually came from the stars?

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In 1352 BC, Akhenaten ascended to the throne as the 10th pharaoh of the 18th dynasty.

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Almost immediately, he instituted a series of radical religious changes, including a ban on references to multiple gods.

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It's a rather strange thing that he would want to do that in one sweep, but he ordered all the iconography of previous gods to be removed.

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He only allowed one emblem, which was a sun emblem, literally a sun disk with curious arms or rays pouring down.

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Why did he do this? Because according to his writings and his poems that were written about him later on, he was visited by one of those beings that descended from the sky, who told Akhenaten,

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this is the way I am your god.

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This sun god was known as Aten.

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Akhenaten claimed to be a direct descendant of Aten.

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Akhenaten, like any other pharaoh, regarded himself to be divine. He was a god.

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Not only himself, he believed himself to be a god, but the whole nation saw him as a god.

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Now, the definition of god is that he was a descendant from these celestial beings.

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During his fourth year as pharaoh, Akhenaten ordered the construction of a new capital city. He called it Amarna and dedicated it to the sun.

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Akhenaten would spend the next ten years here, during which time he instituted changes in both art and culture, including how he himself would be publicly depicted.

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In Egyptian iconography, Egyptian pharaohs are depicted as these triangular shaped beings, these broad, strong shoulders and these very skinny waist.

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Now, we look at leaders today and we know that most leaders don't have broad shoulders and skinny waist.

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But it was important to depict the Egyptian kings as having broad shoulders and skinny waist, the epitome of what a king ought to look like.

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That's exactly the opposite of Akhenaten. He shows himself, perhaps as he really is, a rather strange look. He has a very mystical look.

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If we take Akhenaten's statues, for instance, literally, he was a very strange looking character.

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So, combined, some people would say feminine aspects with masculine aspects may have had an elongated skull.

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The change in royal iconography of Akhenaten showed him, as he probably really was, with a misshapen head, with a pot belly, with a sunken chest.

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As opposed to the idealized iconography of traditional Egyptian artists that show this big, strong pharaoh.

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Akhenaten's wife, Queen Nefertiti and their children, were also depicted as having elongated skulls.

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So, why were Akhenaten's and Nefertiti's heads deformed? Did they suffer from a genetic abnormality? Or did they deliberately alter their shape?

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Some believe there could be yet another explanation behind their strange, otherworldly appearance.

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They look like they're different than other human beings.

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Is it possible that Akhenaten might have been an extraterrestrial hybrid?

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Ancient alien enthusiasts look at pharaoh Akhenaten of Egypt and say, ah, look at that long head. That looks like an alien grey.

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That looks like something that's non-human or some hybrid between something else and something human.

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Must be evidence of alien interference, alien reproduction with humans, something like that.

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I've been to Egypt and one of the most stunning things about seeing the archaeological remains of ancient Egypt is that one unique pharaoh, Akhenaten.

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I mean, he's got a very narrow, pointy face, high cheekbones and a very elongated cranium.

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The idea that they were either looking like extraterrestrials or perhaps had extraterrestrial DNA in them is a credible idea.

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Akhenaten ruled for 17 years. After his reign, Amarna was abandoned and temples to the sun were destroyed.

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Images of Akhenaten were deliberately defaced. Ancient Egypt swiftly returned to its old ways, worshipping many gods.

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Was this a rejection of Akhenaten's radical religious belief system or a cover-up of his alien identity?

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There's been a lot of theories about why. I mean, the most extreme is that he somehow had some sort of extraterrestrial connection.

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If one accepts that conclusion, then it would explain why he was literally put off the rain and some say put to death.

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Some Egyptologists believe Akhenaten was forced to abdicate and flee from Egypt with a group of his loyal followers.

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In 1907, the actual body of Akhenaten was discovered in Egypt's Valley of the Kings by a British archaeologist named Edward Irton.

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After unearthing Akhenaten's mummified remains, he was able to confirm that indeed the ancient Pharaoh's skull was misshapen and elongated.

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Some scholars argue that he suffered from some kind of physical abnormality. He suffered from a disorder that caused his face to appear to be long, his head actually was longer.

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I think with Akhenaten we're dealing with a physical deformation that wasn't corrected by the royal artists. They just depicted him as he was. Potbelly, sunken chest, long head.

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Akhenaten was succeeded by his son, Tutankhamen, who became the most renowned Pharaoh of all time.

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When his tomb was discovered in 1922 by Howard Carter, Tutankhamen was also found to have an elongated skull. Could he have inherited alien genes from his father?

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Today, much of Akhenaten's life still remains a mystery. Did he really change Egypt's entire belief system because, as some suggest, he was a celestial being?

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If that's true, might there be evidence of similar entities coming to Earth? Perhaps more clues can be found thousands of miles away on the other side of the African continent.

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Mali in northwest Africa. Deep in a remote valley live the Dogon people, who are the descendants of a nomadic tribe that settled here around 1000 AD.

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Just like Akhenaten's followers, the Dogon had been forced to leave Egypt because of religious persecution.

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The Dogon's name is a very long and ancient tradition, and in my opinion, maintain some of the ancient Egyptian traditions and myths that have been carried on right into the present age.

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Parts of ancient Egypt may not have died. They were carried on to this day among the Dogon.

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But what exactly are their beliefs? Dogon mythology holds that the sky god Amma created the first living creature known as Namo.

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The legend also says that shortly after his creation, Namo multiplied into several parts, one of which rebelled against Amma.

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Amma responded by destroying him and scattering his ashes throughout the world.

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According to the Dogon myths, a god gave them this knowledge. He descended from the sky in an arc surfing on fire and landed in the storm.

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Still today, Dogon celebrates a festival in the honor of Namo and that visitation that occurred in the remote past.

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How do we know this?

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For this festival, they have wooden masks that date back to a very long time ago when this festival began.

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Dogon masks tell the mystic stories of their ancestors. This is a sculpture of the creator. They call him Amma.

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He's embracing the universe. This is how they pass on information from generation to generation, by stories carved in masks.

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But could Namo have been a real person? Some see eerie similarities between the Dogon's legend and the story of the mysterious pharaoh Akhenaten.

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Akhenaten believed he was directly descended from the sun god Atten. Namo was said to have been created by the sky deity Amma.

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Is it a coincidence that both cultures, although thousands of miles apart, shared mythical tales of beings coming from the skies?

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And both Namo and Akhenaten were depicted with elongated heads.

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Is it possible that these legends were based on real events?

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The Dogon dwell in the central plateau region of Banyagara. Their knowledge is centuries old and their priests have been sharing it with chosen individuals only.

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In the 1920s, French anthropologist Griel and ethnologist Dieterlin visited the tribe and were invited to share their secrets.

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But one secret stood out. The Dogon claimed that their god Amma came from a specific star in the serious constellation.

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The same place where the ancient Egyptians believed their god Osiris was born.

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This star, which modern astronomers refer to as Sirius B, the Dogon called Potolo.

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But what baffles experts is that the star is so far from Earth, it's impossible to see with the naked eye.

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I was very intrigued by this by the way. I mean the Dogons should not have known about the existence of this star.

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Sirius is the second nearest star from our solar system. It's eight light years away.

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In fact, it's not even visible with standard telescopes. It was first seen, literally seen and photographed in the 1970s.

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Modern science has corroborated that Sirius B does indeed exist.

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Problem is, the Dogon knew about this before modern science corroborated it.

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I mean, that's spooky.

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Measurements taken with the Hubble telescope in 2003 have confirmed that Sirius B is what's known as a white dwarf.

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We're a partially burnt-out star with extremely dense mass.

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Although it is smaller in size than Earth, it's estimated to weigh eight times as much as our Sun.

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But how did the Dogon acquire this ancient knowledge of astronomy that seems to be centuries more advanced than that of modern science?

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The mystery is, how did this story get passed on down generations?

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If the story came from a time before astronomers knew, there was a companion star to Sirius which can't be seen with the human eye.

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This is the Dogon symbol for Sirius.

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When you move it around, you can see an orbit around the center marked by Sirius A.

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Sirius B circles around it, so it is a circular system.

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This sign is practically an astronomical model that the Dogon could not have invented because only Sirius A is visible.

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Sirius B and C are invisible.

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However, their description of the orbit is correct.

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One assumption is that this god, Namo, who brought them this knowledge, could have been an extraterrestrial intelligence.

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Since the early 20th century, the tribe has been routinely studied and researched by anthropologists.

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This has led many modern historians to claim that the Dogon must have learned about astronomy from Westerners.

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The Dogon's mythology is so fluid that when science confirmed something that they might have believed in antiquity,

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it might have just been sheer coincidence, or it could have been a conflation.

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That is, they heard because it's an oral culture and because the mythology is so fluid.

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They heard something that someone said about this star in relation to another star and they just grafted that into their mythology.

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They grafted that into their religion and then when some reporter, some subsequent reporter, comes along and says,

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what do you believe they say? Well, we've thought this for millions of years.

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When critics suggest that this knowledge was given to them by modern ethnologists, that's simply incorrect

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because we know that this story goes back hundreds of years earlier than any modern ethnologist ever went there.

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If it were ever proven that all this information is exactly correct, including the parts that are still being studied by astronomers,

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this would mean that the Earth had visitors from outer space in prehistoric times.

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They either inherited that knowledge and the question is from where?

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From a previous civilization or from some sort of extraterrestrial civilization or it's a coincidence.

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In my view, it is not a coincidence.

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If the Dogon people really possessed this advanced astronomical knowledge, were there legends based on real events?

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The ancient Egyptians and Dogon were far from alone in their belief in gods or mystical beings that came from the sky.

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Is there an explanation for similar myths shared by ancient cultures all around the world?

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And what does that reveal as to who these visitors may be?

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Perhaps the answer can be found, not in Northern Africa, but here.

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In the rocks and canyons of the American Southwest.

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30 miles south of Gallup, New Mexico, lies the Pueblo of Zuni.

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Sheltered from the desolate high plains, this adobe city is home to the Zuni Indians,

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one of the oldest indigenous tribes in North America.

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They have inhabited this land for almost 2,000 years and have protected their secrets even longer.

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The Zuni are a very interesting culture in that they're one of the few cultures that really have not opened up to the rest of the world about their star knowledge traditions.

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Most of this type of information is very closely held by the natives.

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And I really find it very intriguing that this is the time period in history where now we're starting to learn more and more about their star knowledge.

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Much of the Zuni people's history is etched in the rocks in the New Mexico desert.

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Tribal elder Clifford Mahoudi, an archaeologist, Dan Simplicio, have studied the Zuni's secret history first hand.

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They've collected stories passed down through generations that are rooted in the belief that the tribe's creators and protectors are supernatural beings from the sky.

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This one's kind of interesting here.

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I would imagine it was created in the last century, but on this design you can see the star figure.

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Celestial images oftentimes are depicted in a lot of our cultural tetraglists, and this is one of them where it depicts the star.

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It could be the supernova of the crab nebula.

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Our Zuni mythology in the prayer system and the ritualistic protocols talk about these people that came over here and told us how to actually live our lives as beings, sky people.

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If you listen to a lot of religious chants and songs and prayers, that's all they talk about.

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They're talking about space. They're talking about out there in the universe where they came from, so they depicted on a rock wall here.

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But the actual meaning of it is somewhere more profound and more complex than that.

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These drawings are thought to have been created around 1200 BC, yet they appear to depict modern space travelers and their vehicles.

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If you move back a little bit, you can see another figure here. It has a dome as eyes, something coming down.

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And a nose.

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Like a nose through the nose, but it kind of flares out.

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I think it was something to do with the ancient ones, when they saw something.

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They took as much description of it to put it on there.

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Of course, it's not going to be exactly what they saw, but that's as best as they can do for something that they saw.

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With all petroglyphs and things like that, I mean, they're up to interpretation.

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Sometimes they're just doodlings of people, but other times they may well be actual descriptions and depictions of some kind of God from outer space.

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Some ancient astronaut.

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And when you go around, say, like the Zuni Pueblo, I mean, that's what they'll tell you.

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Those petroglyphs are.

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Even the Zunis themselves call them the Spacemen.

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This one seems to have two legs coming out.

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It has a broad diamond-shaped body.

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There probably was a bitter head that chipped off here.

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That's very different looking than humans are.

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Now, usually they're called UFOs, but in the Zuni way, we've always been taught that they're the keepers of the upper world, which means space.

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Now, they're sky people, beings that are of the extraterrestrial origin.

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And this is still within our mythology and our religious practices today.

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Like most Indian tribes, the Zunis call these sky people Kachinas.

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According to the Zuni's creation story, the Kachina gods came down from the heavens to lead the Zunis to Earth through a special portal.

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The Sipa, who? That's the entrance to the fourth world, or the underworld, and that's a representation of where the Kachinas come and go.

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And so according to the mythologies, the Zunis were brought forth into the world of light, which is where we are at today, by what I would interpret as extraterrestrial beings from the universe.

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Every year, the Zunis participate in a ceremony known as the Shalako Festival.

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Dressed in traditional costumes to represent the Kachinas, the Indians celebrate the arrival of the gods on Earth.

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This is a figurine of Kachina gods, and these guys are some gods from the sky who came down. They wear weird helmets.

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This one has a helmet as a head, and if you look at the whole body of it, it's as if it wears some type of a suit.

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This one here also has the helmet and the visor.

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For the Pueblo Indians like the Zunis, these are their sky gods that every year they have special ceremonies people put on these special costumes and masks to reenact the coming of the gods.

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They really look like ancient astronauts.

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If you look at the poetry and the legends and the stories from American Indian tribes in the Southwest, they have the legend of the star people.

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The star people came to Earth and seeded planet Earth, and they came on flying ships.

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If you speak to the elders, they will tell you that a lot of us believe in the existence of the extraterrestrials.

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These are timeless traditions that have been passed on through the centuries from clan to clan, from family to family, from family member to family member.

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And it is an oral tradition. Native peoples did not have the written word, they had the spoken word.

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And culturally, the spoken word is still a significant component of their daily lives and the ability to pass down the truth.

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I remember my grandparents talking about a craft that flew and had actually crash landed on one of the mesas east of here.

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There's no interpretation of what an aircraft is, so the closest thing that they could interpret as anything capable of flight is a bird or are mass cajina dancers.

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We are very, very superstitious people. It's always been in the history of Zuni that they have always been here.

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Even right here where we're sitting right now, but you just don't see them during a different frequency.

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And those are very, very sacred and those are very, very secret.

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They're out there somewhere.

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For those who believe that ancient astronauts came to Earth thousands of years ago, prehistoric artwork provides more clues in what they claim is a growing body of evidence.

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From wall carvings and statues in ancient Egypt to tribal traditions and exotic masks in West Africa to petroglyphs in the American Southwest.

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All thousands of years old, they seem to recount similar stories of visitors from the skies.

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Could the legends of alien beings visiting Earth thousands of years ago have inspired more traditional beliefs?

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Celestial beings coming down to Earth, gods descending from the sky.

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Can these events only be found in the ancient legends of the Zuni?

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Do similar accounts exist in other cultures and other religions across the world?

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And if so, what is the explanation?

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We have to remind ourselves that our ancestors were highly intelligent.

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However, their technological frame of reference was different than our technological frame of reference.

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So they didn't have the vocabulary with which to describe or with which to name certain things that they saw.

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So what did they do?

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They used words that they were familiar with in their time.

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And so they tried to describe whatever they witnessed to the best of their abilities with their vocabulary.

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Ancient China also shared some of the same beliefs that can be found in Egyptian, Native American and Dogan legends.

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That deities arrived from the stars.

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According to Chinese mythology dating back to 3000 BC, when the god named Wang Di was born, there was a radiance from the great star Qi.

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Wang Di would later emerge from the belly of a fire-breathing dragon to become China's first emperor.

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The origins of the Han Chinese people start with the story of a great god looking down with empathy.

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Here were people in poverty in a beautiful, rich country, the landscape, profound, but the people were suffering.

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He took pity and decided to come down.

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Wang Di arrived on planet Earth in a flying dragon.

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He had the power of flight.

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Wang Di could be anywhere within minutes.

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And he usually accomplished this by hopping on his dragon and flying somewhere.

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Now this divine energy becomes human and is a great leader, the Yellow Emperor, who rules and unites the people.

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And there is a period of great prosperity until his work is done.

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Wang Di brought order to the chaos, creating China's first empire.

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He is seen as a cultural hero and is credited with the invention of the compass, acupuncture, and the standardization of Chinese writing.

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One of his greatest legacies is the Great Wall of China.

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When the land is prosperous, he decides it's time to go.

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And the Great Yellow Dragon comes back and he gets back into the belly of the dragon and flies off forever.

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Now, were these dragons truly dragons in a biological nature?

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Or were they misinterpreted types of machines?

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Because as we all know, dragons are always correlated with spewing fire and a lot of smoke.

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Whenever we see a modern rocket take off, there's always smoke.

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And sometimes the smoke is yellow and sometimes it's red.

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So it's very bizarre how we have these correlations between the ancient times and modern times today.

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Mythology is the effort to grasp what we can't grasp, to understand what is beyond us.

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In the Eastern teachings, the dragons very often carry people, sometimes on their back, sometimes inside their bellies.

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So if we think of them as a poet's effort to explain a vehicle that was strange to them.

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Well those sound like flying saucers, so it might just be a problem of translation.

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Because after all it's just a word, it's trying to describe something that's very difficult to grasp.

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4000 miles west of China, another tale of celestial beings influencing civilization can be found.

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This time in what is now modern-day Iraq.

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The Babylonian legend of Inuma Alish dates back to the 7th century BC.

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The text was first discovered in 1849 by British archaeologist Sir Austin Henry Layard

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while searching the ruins of the library of Ashurbanipul in Nineveh.

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The story tells of how the first humans were created by an extraterrestrial race known as the Anunnaki.

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In the ancient texts of Sumeria, we have descriptions of these beings descending from the sky called the Anunnaki.

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The term Anunnaki means those who from the heavens came.

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It says word for word that these beings descended in flying vehicles from the sky.

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And we can find not only descriptions of the Anunnaki, but also depictions.

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And we can see them in statues, in carvings.

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So it's all very interesting to see that those beings looked like modern-day space travelers with weird suits.

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Some of them wore wristwatches, they had boots on and helmets, and above all wings.

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And they were always described or depicted in floating above some quote-unquote regular people.

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So the question is who were the Anunnaki?

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And according to the ancient Asthanaut hypothesis, they were space travelers who visited Earth in the remote past.

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Similar themes can be found in the legends of Greek and Roman gods,

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which also describe events that some interpret as extraterrestrial contact.

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Both cultures believed in powerful gods who lived in the heavens and often came down to Earth to interact with humans.

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A well-known example is Zeus and the Greek gods, and they've come down from the sky and mount Olympus where they live in some mountain.

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And they're bringing really civilization and sciences to mankind.

408
00:51:14,000 --> 00:51:22,000
But they have many human attributes too, where they're attracted to human women, they want to have sex,

409
00:51:22,000 --> 00:51:27,000
and children, whether there's many of them as they can, and then they go back into the sky.

410
00:51:28,000 --> 00:51:35,000
These ideas of gods mating with humans are very commonplace, like Zeus in Greek mythology

411
00:51:35,000 --> 00:51:43,000
was always coming down and mating with mortals and producing demigods like Hercules or Helen of Troy,

412
00:51:43,000 --> 00:51:52,000
who were exceptionally beautiful, exceptionally powerful, unusually gifted in every way.

413
00:51:52,000 --> 00:51:57,000
So in other words, you were creating a better race in this sense.

414
00:51:58,000 --> 00:52:05,000
In the ancient Asthan opinion, the whole pantheon of gods that we have in ancient Greece

415
00:52:05,000 --> 00:52:19,000
consists of nothing else but flesh and blood exoterrestrials who were misinterpreted as being these divine creatures by our ancestors.

416
00:52:20,000 --> 00:52:28,000
There's a lot of evidence showing that we're not alone in the cosmos and that our human civilizations on Earth

417
00:52:28,000 --> 00:52:35,000
have been interacting for long periods of time with extraterrestrial intelligences.

418
00:52:36,000 --> 00:52:43,000
Belief in celestial beings interacting with humans is a cornerstone in several major religions.

419
00:52:43,000 --> 00:52:50,000
In fact, according to the Bible's Book of Genesis, God created the first humans, Adam and Eve.

420
00:52:51,000 --> 00:52:59,000
The Bible also contains other passages that describe strange interactions between otherworldly beings and humans.

421
00:53:01,000 --> 00:53:08,000
People believe messengers of some sort come down from the heavens, they came down and they had sex with humans, and this is where we produce giants.

422
00:53:08,000 --> 00:53:13,000
People like Goliath, so in a technical sense, they are alien.

423
00:53:13,000 --> 00:53:18,000
They're gods or they're angels or some kind of superhuman thing.

424
00:53:19,000 --> 00:53:25,000
Interpreting these Bible stories has also led to a certain amount of debate and controversy.

425
00:53:25,000 --> 00:53:36,000
While most see a single God directing and influencing mankind's destiny, others argue that it is really a number of gods that are responsible.

426
00:53:37,000 --> 00:53:46,000
In the Old Testament, it says very clearly, let us make man in our image according to our likeness.

427
00:53:46,000 --> 00:53:54,000
Now, grammatically speaking, that sentence doesn't make sense because you have God and then you have our image.

428
00:53:54,000 --> 00:54:02,000
Well, theologians suggest that by our, what they meant is the Trinity, the Holy Trinity.

429
00:54:02,000 --> 00:54:15,000
So basically, if you were to change the word God to gods, then all of a sudden, the sentence makes sense and then the gods created man in our own image.

430
00:54:16,000 --> 00:54:20,000
So you have this reference, let us create man in our image.

431
00:54:20,000 --> 00:54:32,000
In several religious texts, specifically the Hebrew Bible, which Christians also accept, and in the Quran, which Muslims revere as holy, you have the reference to God in the plural.

432
00:54:32,000 --> 00:54:35,000
And it is incredibly interesting.

433
00:54:36,000 --> 00:54:47,000
But do all these religious scriptures that tell similar stories really point to the possibility that aliens have visited earth throughout ancient history?

434
00:54:49,000 --> 00:54:58,000
The fact is, the story of creation in our own Bible is the story of creation in cultures around the world.

435
00:54:58,000 --> 00:55:05,000
The story of the flood, the evolution of the human species, the development of language.

436
00:55:05,000 --> 00:55:16,000
All of this points to, in fact, the Bible says so, life on earth came from contact with an extraterrestrial life form.

437
00:55:16,000 --> 00:55:19,000
That's in the Bible, that's in ancient cultures around the world.

438
00:55:19,000 --> 00:55:30,000
So I believe the theory of ancient astronauts is true, and I believe there's solid evidence there, and I believe the harder you try to refute that evidence, the more you wind up against the brick wall.

439
00:55:30,000 --> 00:55:41,000
That ancient astronauts visited us, visited earth, thousands upon thousands of years ago, and seated the very civilization we have today.

440
00:55:42,000 --> 00:55:58,000
If the believers in the ancient astronaut theory are correct, then just who were these visitors, and might cutting-edge astrophysics and biology help us to uncover their identity?

441
00:55:59,000 --> 00:56:15,000
On March 18, 1965, Russian cosmonaut Alexei Leonov stepped outside the Vashko-2 and became the first human to walk in space.

442
00:56:19,000 --> 00:56:24,000
He spent 12 minutes and 8 seconds outside his ship before returning.

443
00:56:25,000 --> 00:56:34,000
Leonov's survival depended upon a protective suit that could keep him alive where there was neither atmospheric pressure nor oxygen.

444
00:56:36,000 --> 00:56:42,000
If we need space suits, would aliens traveling to earth require the same protection?

445
00:56:46,000 --> 00:56:50,000
Is that what we're looking at in these ancient carvings and drawings?

446
00:56:51,000 --> 00:57:02,000
When critics ask, well, why would ancient astronauts have to wear astronaut suits that we're familiar with today?

447
00:57:02,000 --> 00:57:11,000
The answer is very simple. Can we go through space without wearing a type of suit? Of course not. We would die.

448
00:57:12,000 --> 00:57:26,000
Because who says that whoever visited us in the remote past, that they could breathe in the atmosphere of planet earth?

449
00:57:30,000 --> 00:57:39,000
So it's not far-fetched to suggest that they did in fact wear some type of suit.

450
00:57:42,000 --> 00:57:48,000
Why might these images resemble modern astronauts?

451
00:57:51,000 --> 00:58:01,000
If they are aliens, is it possible they are similar to humans? And could they have come from a planet just like earth?

452
00:58:02,000 --> 00:58:11,000
At the turn of the 20th century, a group of British and German scientists considered this possibility.

453
00:58:12,000 --> 00:58:20,000
They embraced a theory put forth by early Greek philosophers that all life in the universe began in one specific place.

454
00:58:22,000 --> 00:58:25,000
This theory is called panspermia.

455
00:58:26,000 --> 00:58:31,000
Panspermia is the theory that life formed in one place and then got spread around to other places.

456
00:58:34,000 --> 00:58:39,000
In outer space, in the medium between stars, we see molecules that are the building blocks of life.

457
00:58:40,000 --> 00:58:43,000
So it's easy to get the building blocks of life to another planet.

458
00:58:44,000 --> 00:58:47,000
For example, if life formed on Mars, it could have come here to earth.

459
00:58:49,000 --> 00:58:51,000
Contaminated earth, and then started life here.

460
00:58:56,000 --> 00:59:03,000
Roughly 3.6 billion years ago, Mars was warm and wet, much like the conditions on earth today.

461
00:59:04,000 --> 00:59:11,000
Biologists believe that because Mars cooled more quickly than other planets, life may have developed there first.

462
00:59:16,000 --> 00:59:20,000
Mars is a better candidate for life during the early part of the solar system.

463
00:59:20,000 --> 00:59:26,000
Mars rocks are coming here all the time and these have been knocked off Mars by asteroid and comet impacts.

464
00:59:27,000 --> 00:59:32,000
And we know that they could convey any Martian microorganisms to earth.

465
00:59:36,000 --> 00:59:41,000
In August 1996, a team of scientists made a stunning announcement.

466
00:59:43,000 --> 00:59:49,000
A Martian meteorite found in Antarctica contained evidence of fossilized life.

467
00:59:51,000 --> 01:00:04,000
The four-pound rock, designated ALH84001, showed the presence of carbonate globules, excreted by microbes when they were alive on Mars 3.6 billion years ago.

468
01:00:05,000 --> 01:00:07,000
Earth was no longer alone.

469
01:00:09,000 --> 01:00:13,000
Life had existed elsewhere in the universe.

470
01:00:14,000 --> 01:00:25,000
So this cross-contamination between Mars and earth, which 20 years ago was regarded as a rather wild conjecture, is now pretty much accepted by the astrobiology community.

471
01:00:30,000 --> 01:00:39,000
Astrobiologists studying the origin and evolution of life in the universe embraced the possibility that life on earth began in outer space.

472
01:00:44,000 --> 01:00:51,000
Did modern-day scientists finally prove what ancient cultures have believed for centuries?

473
01:00:56,000 --> 01:01:04,000
The common myth or idea that the origins of humankind is from the stars is widespread.

474
01:01:05,000 --> 01:01:12,000
Ancient cultures had the ancient Egyptians, the Mayans, the Aztecs, the Indians and so forth is intriguing.

475
01:01:13,000 --> 01:01:15,000
And it's probably true.

476
01:01:16,000 --> 01:01:18,000
And I mean it from an astrophysical point of view.

477
01:01:19,000 --> 01:01:20,000
We do come from the stars.

478
01:01:21,000 --> 01:01:25,000
It's a fact that life on earth has been seen by the coming of a comet containing the life matter.

479
01:01:26,000 --> 01:01:29,000
I personally suspect there is life out there.

480
01:01:30,000 --> 01:01:37,000
In fact, I believe that we have evidence, if nothing else, microbial evidence for life extraterrestrially.

481
01:01:39,000 --> 01:01:48,000
But if life did land on earth from outer space, was it by accident or might it have been sent here on purpose?

482
01:01:56,000 --> 01:01:59,000
One mainstream scientist thought so.

483
01:02:00,000 --> 01:02:05,000
British geneticist Francis Crick is best known for his collaboration with James Watson.

484
01:02:06,000 --> 01:02:11,000
Together, they unraveled the structure of human DNA in 1953.

485
01:02:15,000 --> 01:02:21,000
Less than 10 years later, they rewarded the Nobel Prize for their groundbreaking work in genetics.

486
01:02:22,000 --> 01:02:33,000
In the 1960s, Crick became a proponent of panspermia theory and took it to a whole new level with an idea he called directed panspermia.

487
01:02:34,000 --> 01:02:45,000
Francis Crick hypothesized that somewhere perhaps on the other side of the galaxy there had been a civilization of advanced intelligent beings.

488
01:02:45,000 --> 01:02:49,000
And they had found that their planet was going to be destroyed.

489
01:02:50,000 --> 01:02:55,000
Perhaps a supernova was going to go off in their vicinity and their planet would be sterilized of life.

490
01:02:58,000 --> 01:03:02,000
And he asked himself, what would an intelligent civilization do in that situation?

491
01:03:03,000 --> 01:03:06,000
Well, first of all, they try to figure out if they could get out of there.

492
01:03:07,000 --> 01:03:14,000
If they could actually preserve their lives and the lives of their descendants perhaps crowd into spaceships and fly out of there.

493
01:03:15,000 --> 01:03:19,000
They fly across interstellar space until they found a suitable planet to colonize.

494
01:03:25,000 --> 01:03:27,000
But could it actually be true?

495
01:03:28,000 --> 01:03:33,000
Could we really be the descendants of an alien race that traveled here from another world?

496
01:03:39,000 --> 01:03:44,000
The ultimate implication of some exobiological theories.

497
01:03:45,000 --> 01:03:48,000
Is actually that we ourselves are extraterrestrials.

498
01:03:49,000 --> 01:03:55,000
That life on Earth arose because organic material was brought here from elsewhere.

499
01:03:59,000 --> 01:04:04,000
What if we're the ones that descendants of those who came from another planet?

500
01:04:05,000 --> 01:04:13,000
We were created, we were brought here, seeded planet Earth as a colony from some other planet.

501
01:04:14,000 --> 01:04:19,000
So we're colonists of another race and that's why the aliens look like us.

502
01:04:23,000 --> 01:04:32,000
In my opinion, it's not unscientific to consider the possibility of ancient astronauts alien intervention.

503
01:04:33,000 --> 01:04:35,000
We live in a huge universe.

504
01:04:37,000 --> 01:04:41,000
Now bacteria versus humanoids.

505
01:04:42,000 --> 01:04:46,000
One may say that's a big difference but in some ways it's not a big difference.

506
01:04:47,000 --> 01:04:56,000
Where you have life, you have the ability for that life to develop into what we consider civilization or intelligent beings.

507
01:04:59,000 --> 01:05:06,000
Is it just a coincidence that modern science and ancient alien theory have come to the same conclusion?

508
01:05:07,000 --> 01:05:11,000
That life on Earth came from the stars.

509
01:05:14,000 --> 01:05:24,000
And if it's possible that billions of years ago an extraterrestrial race spread out across space, how would they survive in their new home?

510
01:05:26,000 --> 01:05:29,000
Could they really be our missing link?

511
01:05:30,000 --> 01:05:37,000
For thousands of years, mankind has tried to depict alien beings who they believe came from the skies.

512
01:05:38,000 --> 01:05:42,000
Many of those creatures seem to share characteristics with humans.

513
01:05:43,000 --> 01:05:48,000
They often have two arms, two legs, fingers and a head.

514
01:05:49,000 --> 01:05:50,000
Just like we do.

515
01:05:51,000 --> 01:05:56,000
Biologists refer to this basic body shape as by last year's science.

516
01:05:56,000 --> 01:06:00,000
Biologists refer to this basic body shape as bilateral symmetry.

517
01:06:01,000 --> 01:06:11,000
bilateral symmetry is very simply you divide something down the middle into two parts and lateral means up and down and the two sides are an exact reflection of each other.

518
01:06:12,000 --> 01:06:15,000
If you fold the thing in half, all the parts line up.

519
01:06:16,000 --> 01:06:24,000
Bilateral symmetry evolved relatively early in the evolution of animals several hundred million years ago.

520
01:06:27,000 --> 01:06:34,000
Being bilateral symmetry allows you to be streamlined and to develop a head end so you become cephalized.

521
01:06:35,000 --> 01:06:37,000
And that certainly happened in vertebrates.

522
01:06:38,000 --> 01:06:44,000
Virtually the mouth at the end of something and then you get progressive development and that seems to have led to many, many advances.

523
01:06:48,000 --> 01:06:51,000
So when you look at it closely you can see a lot of advantages coming in.

524
01:06:52,000 --> 01:06:58,000
Having the two arms and the two legs to work together really give you great mobility and balance and speed.

525
01:07:06,000 --> 01:07:11,000
Having eyes on two sides separated give really improved vision in various ways.

526
01:07:12,000 --> 01:07:15,000
Animals that are predominantly prey use their two eyes independently and get a huge field of view.

527
01:07:16,000 --> 01:07:22,000
Animals that are predominantly hunters have them more in the front and get really good depth perception which you need if you're going to land on the animal you're hunting.

528
01:07:33,000 --> 01:07:41,000
If it is true that aliens resemble humans in their physical characteristics, might there also be genetic similarities?

529
01:07:42,000 --> 01:07:45,000
Could we even be related?

530
01:07:48,000 --> 01:07:59,000
In 2003 the US government announced that the Human Genome Project had identified all of the nearly 25,000 genes in the human body.

531
01:08:00,000 --> 01:08:05,000
For the first time scientists had a roadmap to the genetic makeup of humans.

532
01:08:06,000 --> 01:08:11,000
Human genomes are the ones that are transmitted from parents to children.

533
01:08:12,000 --> 01:08:20,000
Each human genome that is the one that we get from our father or the one that we get from our mother has three billion letters, three billion components.

534
01:08:21,000 --> 01:08:30,000
Everybody thought that it would open lots of possibilities to study human identity and perhaps medicine and other applications.

535
01:08:31,000 --> 01:08:45,000
In 2006 genetic researchers at the University of California at Santa Cruz discovered an area of the genome they called HAR1 that appears to be unique to humans.

536
01:08:46,000 --> 01:08:57,000
Scientists believe the HAR1 gene plays a critical role in the advanced development of the human brain and is a key element that sets us apart from other animals.

537
01:08:58,000 --> 01:09:00,000
But where did it come from?

538
01:09:01,000 --> 01:09:05,000
Did humans develop this distinct gene naturally through evolution?

539
01:09:06,000 --> 01:09:09,000
Or did it land here from another planet?

540
01:09:11,000 --> 01:09:21,000
Francis Crick, the British scientist who helped discover the structure of DNA, believed that human genes could not have evolved by chance.

541
01:09:21,000 --> 01:09:28,000
Crick didn't feel in that period of roughly 600 million years from the formation of the planet down to the time when the planet could first support life.

542
01:09:29,000 --> 01:09:34,000
There was enough time for DNA to evolve by accident. It's an enormously complicated molecule.

543
01:09:35,000 --> 01:09:46,000
Crick gave this analogy. You would be more likely to assemble a fully functioning and flying jumbo jet by passing a hurricane through a junkyard.

544
01:09:46,000 --> 01:09:56,000
Then you would be to assemble the DNA molecule by chance in any kind of primeval soup in five or six hundred million years. It's just not possible.

545
01:09:58,000 --> 01:10:09,000
But if this molecule could not have evolved accidentally, how was it created? Was it, as some believe, put there on purpose?

546
01:10:10,000 --> 01:10:16,000
The question should not be, do the extraterrestrials look like us or what do the extraterrestrials look like?

547
01:10:17,000 --> 01:10:36,000
But do we look like the extraterrestrials? Because according to the ancient astronaut theory, a long, long time ago, extraterrestrials came here and through a targeted mutation of our genes, we quote unquote became human.

548
01:10:40,000 --> 01:10:49,000
Possibly there is information in our DNA about whether human evolution was manipulated or not.

549
01:10:53,000 --> 01:10:59,000
The DNA is almost a cipher, yet we only understand five percent of the information it carries.

550
01:11:00,000 --> 01:11:22,000
Geneticists have determined that it only takes about five percent to clone a human being and that 95 percent of that genetic material that we have in our bodies is nothing more than what they refer to as genetic junk.

551
01:11:23,000 --> 01:11:32,000
Why is everything there? And there's probably parts of the DNA that don't have an obvious current function. Maybe they're leftover from something that was used in the past, kind of like our appendix is leftover.

552
01:11:34,000 --> 01:11:47,000
Could this genetic junk hold the key to the evolution of humans? Some people suggest that decoding our DNA entirely will unlock startling information about our origins.

553
01:11:48,000 --> 01:11:54,000
But could it even prove that aliens played a role in our development thousands of years ago?

554
01:11:55,000 --> 01:12:16,000
If you hypothetically wanted to record an eternal message that could be decoded by a creature that had eventually evolved enough intelligence to decode it, the place to put that message would not be on some monument or in some text which might be swept away.

555
01:12:17,000 --> 01:12:21,000
It's actually on the DNA of the creature itself.

556
01:12:26,000 --> 01:12:41,000
It's recently been established that DNA is a recording medium of almost limitless power. It would be technically possible to record the entire knowledge of a civilization on the DNA in our bodies.

557
01:12:42,000 --> 01:12:45,000
All you'd need is a way to access that information.

558
01:12:48,000 --> 01:13:01,000
I think we have something, the whole humanity in our genes. Somewhere in our genes it is coded that extraterrestrials were here thousands of years ago.

559
01:13:03,000 --> 01:13:12,000
But the questions persist. If aliens visited Earth tens of thousands of years ago, how did they get here?

560
01:13:13,000 --> 01:13:25,000
When we look to the past for the answers, are we looking in the wrong place? Should we actually look forward to our future?

561
01:13:26,000 --> 01:13:47,000
Scientists agree that the best chances of finding alien life will be on planets similar to ours. And descriptions of extraterrestrials seem to resemble humans in many ways.

562
01:13:48,000 --> 01:13:58,000
Some ancient astronaut theorists draw a surprising conclusion from these facts, suggesting that aliens might actually be human.

563
01:13:59,000 --> 01:14:10,000
It is odd that many of the descriptions of aliens are effectively humanoid and this raises an interesting possibility.

564
01:14:11,000 --> 01:14:18,000
One idea that's been put forward is that these are not extraterrestrials at all, but they're time travelers from the future.

565
01:14:19,000 --> 01:14:24,000
They could be us from a thousand, two thousand, ten thousand years from now.

566
01:14:25,000 --> 01:14:33,000
Let's assume for a moment that ten thousand years from now on this planet, if we all survive, that time travel was created. They've invented it.

567
01:14:33,000 --> 01:14:38,000
Just like the time machine of H.G. Wells days, they can go back or they can go forward.

568
01:14:39,000 --> 01:14:51,000
So let's assume ten thousand years from now, we decide to come back to see us. Maybe they have changed physically. They look like the alien grays or whoever they may be.

569
01:14:54,000 --> 01:15:03,000
It could well be that ancient astronauts might not be creatures from other planets at all, but time travelers from 27 to 20 in a time machine.

570
01:15:04,000 --> 01:15:19,000
Time travel is an essential concept for science fiction. But would it be possible for flesh and blood humans to find a way to transport themselves through time with current technology?

571
01:15:20,000 --> 01:15:23,000
Would this enable us to cover the vast distances of space?

572
01:15:24,000 --> 01:15:33,000
If I could travel close to the speed of light, I could reach the year three thousand say in a couple of years. I have to get very close to the speed of light for that.

573
01:15:33,000 --> 01:15:40,000
But it's doable and we know that this isn't a theory. This is real physics. We can demonstrate these time walking effects.

574
01:15:42,000 --> 01:15:46,000
So you can reach the future quicker by traveling close to the speed of light.

575
01:15:47,000 --> 01:15:57,000
The concept of time travel was first proposed by Albert Einstein in 1905 when he published his theory of special relativity.

576
01:15:58,000 --> 01:16:07,000
Ancient astronaut theory says that astronauts visited us a long time ago from somewhere else. The technology involved in doing that we would assume would be similar to what we understand now.

577
01:16:08,000 --> 01:16:11,000
We know special relativity is a law of physics. It holds anywhere in the universe.

578
01:16:13,000 --> 01:16:19,000
Ancient astronauts would come all the way here and travel these large distances and not age that much relative to their home planet.

579
01:16:20,000 --> 01:16:29,000
Because if you're going close enough to the speed of light, you will have slowed down time enough that when you get back hundreds, thousands or even millions of years could have passed.

580
01:16:37,000 --> 01:16:46,000
One limitation to this method of travel is that because a spacecraft has mass, it theoretically cannot reach the exact speed of light.

581
01:16:47,000 --> 01:16:55,000
The resulting reduction in velocity would then dramatically increase the amount of time needed to cross the vast universe.

582
01:16:56,000 --> 01:17:05,000
Well, there's definitely many theories about how extraterrestrials got here, how their propulsion system got them to planet Earth.

583
01:17:06,000 --> 01:17:12,000
They're surely not coming here the way we go out in the space. They never get here. They are finding different ways.

584
01:17:13,000 --> 01:17:24,000
They have either developed a new form of propulsion or they're able to travel through what I've always believed, warm holes throughout the universe that would instantaneously put them here.

585
01:17:26,000 --> 01:17:37,000
The idea of wormholes was first proposed in 1935 by Albert Einstein and his longtime collaborator Nathan Rosen.

586
01:17:38,000 --> 01:17:46,000
They began to explore the possibility that space and time could literally be bent to create a time travel shortcut.

587
01:17:46,000 --> 01:18:01,000
Wormholes have not been detected. They're a postulated structure in space that involves actually taking, if you want to think of a sheet of paper, bending it in half and connecting the two pieces that you get together.

588
01:18:02,000 --> 01:18:10,000
A wormhole is thought to do something like that. If space gets warped and it connects between two different parts of space, you know, there's predictions about what they would look like.

589
01:18:10,000 --> 01:18:17,000
There's theories about them, but we haven't detected one yet. You're not actually ever traveling fast in the speed of light. You're just cutting corners.

590
01:18:18,000 --> 01:18:28,000
You don't actually have to go light speed and travel for light years to some place. You literally go there through a wormhole and through hyperspace and bang, you're there.

591
01:18:29,000 --> 01:18:34,000
If you can have a wormhole in space, then it could be turned, in principle, into a time machine.

592
01:18:35,000 --> 01:18:43,000
And so travel back in time as well as forward in time would then be possible. The problem is where do you get your wormhole?

593
01:18:44,000 --> 01:18:55,000
It's not inconceivable that wormholes were made in the Big Bang, coughed out along with everything else. There might be one out there in the universe we could harvest and adapt to form a time machine.

594
01:18:56,000 --> 01:19:09,000
If you end up discovering that you could make wormholes, then that increases the range that you can explore in space. And that increases the likelihood of having two civilizations at the same time with the right technology to communicate with each other.

595
01:19:11,000 --> 01:19:20,000
While theoretically possible, traveling through wormholes or at the speed of light is currently impossible for us here on Earth.

596
01:19:25,000 --> 01:19:32,000
Using modern propulsion methods, it would take 70,000 years to reach the nearest star.

597
01:19:33,000 --> 01:19:42,000
Our fastest rockets are totally puny. It's really pathetic. So we're talking about 0.01% of the speed of light if you're lucky.

598
01:19:43,000 --> 01:19:49,000
Any object that we could fire out of the solar system is going to take tens of thousands of years to reach the nearest star.

599
01:19:50,000 --> 01:20:09,000
Believe it or not, at 4.6 billion years old, our solar system is one of the youngest in the universe. But if civilizations exist in other galaxies, is it possible that they are more advanced than those on Earth?

600
01:20:10,000 --> 01:20:15,000
And if so, could they be ahead of us in their ability to travel through space and time?

601
01:20:16,000 --> 01:20:29,000
Four extraterrestrials to come here through the vast reaches of space to our planet, they clearly have to have technology that's way in advance of what we have today.

602
01:20:30,000 --> 01:20:41,000
To go from solar system to solar system rather than going warp speed like in Star Trek, you're really going to travel as they do in Star Wars, where you're jumping through hyperspace.

603
01:20:41,000 --> 01:20:45,000
Going from a solar system to solar system is no time at all?

604
01:20:50,000 --> 01:20:58,000
Just because we can't travel from star to star does not mean another more advanced society can't do it either.

605
01:20:59,000 --> 01:21:08,000
I think that's the height of human arrogance to say just because we can't do it, another more advanced civilization can't do it either.

606
01:21:08,000 --> 01:21:14,000
So, you know, we have to stop looking at us that we are the pinnacle of creation because we're not.

607
01:21:18,000 --> 01:21:29,000
Celestial beings, visitors from the skies, deities descending from the heavens to interact with man.

608
01:21:30,000 --> 01:21:43,000
Could these worldwide stories be the foundation for the prevailing belief that something greater than ourselves from beyond our world created the universe as we know it?

609
01:21:43,000 --> 01:22:07,000
Almost all of the great world faiths are based on stories of celestial beings who visit Earth. Many millions of people accept these legends as part of their core beliefs.

610
01:22:14,000 --> 01:22:26,000
And from the earliest cave drawings to images at Roswell, we see artists' interpretations of extraterrestrials or gods coming to our planet.

611
01:22:28,000 --> 01:22:42,000
In many traditions there is something coming from above. There's a stairway to heaven or there's a whirlwind or angel descends. Sometimes the encounter is quite dangerous.

612
01:22:44,000 --> 01:22:51,000
As would be appropriate to something awesome and larger and more powerful than we are, usually it is memorable.

613
01:22:52,000 --> 01:23:12,000
Many of the myths are much more specific and they really talk about gods physically coming to Earth, landing, doing miracles and showing the people how to live.

614
01:23:13,000 --> 01:23:30,000
If visitors did come from the stars, is it possible that they actually changed the way ancient people thought? Did they provide an intellectual spark to prehistoric civilizations?

615
01:23:31,000 --> 01:23:38,000
Could that be the reason why so many different cultures could build such large and lasting monuments?

616
01:23:39,000 --> 01:23:50,000
It's almost as if primitive man woke up one morning and went, hey, I've got this knowledge and I know how to make tools and I'm going to go and build all these things.

617
01:23:50,000 --> 01:23:59,000
Nah, I don't think it happened that way. I think others came down to this planet and started teaching other people that were beginning to evolve.

618
01:24:00,000 --> 01:24:12,000
But the one thing I truly do not believe is that modern cavemen at the time basically created all this knowledge out of thin air.

619
01:24:13,000 --> 01:24:30,000
All around the world we have concise descriptions in ancient texts which say word for word that some beings came from the sky.

620
01:24:31,000 --> 01:24:43,000
So it's as if this intellectual big bang or this big bang of knowledge occurred in various periods of time.

621
01:24:43,000 --> 01:24:56,000
And those various periods of time most concisely always correlate with some type of description of gods descending from the sky.

622
01:25:01,000 --> 01:25:12,000
I do think of that as a very significant before and after moment in the human story and it is not a moment that is linked to physical evolution.

623
01:25:12,000 --> 01:25:21,000
We've already got the hardware. It's as though something happened to our software around about that time and I think it's a very intriguing moment in the human story.

624
01:25:22,000 --> 01:25:31,000
For supporters of ancient alien theory, the verdict is already in.

625
01:25:31,000 --> 01:25:38,000
They believe that aliens visited many of Earth's earliest cultures thousands of years ago.

626
01:25:38,000 --> 01:25:47,000
But is it possible? Are extraterrestrials responsible for the sacred creation myths of the first human civilizations?

627
01:25:48,000 --> 01:25:59,000
Might they have tampered with our DNA? Are humans themselves aliens from another planet in the heavens or even from another time?

628
01:25:59,000 --> 01:26:05,000
While man continues to search for these answers, the questions remain.

629
01:26:06,000 --> 01:26:12,000
If they came here, what was their mission? We call Earth home.

630
01:26:12,000 --> 01:26:23,000
But with perfect conditions for life, could it be a beacon calling out to other intelligent civilizations that may exist in the universe?

631
01:26:26,000 --> 01:26:31,000
I think there is life, simple life, bacterial life, microbial life on other planets.

632
01:26:31,000 --> 01:26:48,000
I think we're going to find that. And who knows, maybe one day we'll find some other planet that's capable of sustaining life that has evolved people over a long period of time that are also looking up at the stars, wondering, is there anybody else out there? Are we the only ones?

633
01:26:49,000 --> 01:26:57,000
What bigger question could we ask about ourselves and our place in the universe? You know, is there life elsewhere in the universe or are we it?

634
01:26:58,000 --> 01:27:07,000
I mean, I think it's one of the most fascinating questions and we're fortunate enough to live in a time when we can address this question scientifically and really try and get some answers.

635
01:27:09,000 --> 01:27:14,000
You can then come up with a conclusion that something, one, very strange is happening on this planet.

636
01:27:15,000 --> 01:27:24,000
And two, if it's coming from outside of this system, then we're being visited by something that has some intelligence behind it.

637
01:27:27,000 --> 01:27:43,000
In the end, the truth wins. And we've seen this in history where scientific theories or ideas that have been deemed impossible turned out to be true.

638
01:27:44,000 --> 01:27:52,000
And so it is my firm conviction that the same will count for the ancient alien theory.

639
01:27:57,000 --> 01:27:58,000
Thank you.